今天继续分享一些关于伤口的试题，这次是关于ICU压力性损伤的预防的相关知识的，这次我们分享英文的题目，因为目前越来越多的人在学习伤口治疗师的认证课程，而课程中有时会要求用英文作答，这些题目会是不错的有益的参考。问题的答案可以参考我们之前发的同题目文章。
Evidence based prevention of pressure ulcers in the ICU
学习目标：
- 识别增加重症患者压疮发生风险的因素；
- 描述与ICU环境中所用器械相关的压力损伤风险；
- 应用以循证医学证据为基础的策略来预防ICU中的压疮发生
试题：
1. Which of the following describes why there is increased concern over the development of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs)?
a.There is little that can be done to treat a pressure ulcer once it occurs.
b.Medicare and Medicaid Services will not pay for costs associated with a HAPU.
c.Development of a stage I or II pressure ulcer is now considered a “never event.”
d.The established cost of a pressure ulcer is more than $50 000 per event.
2. Which of the following factors does not specifically place critically ill patients at increased risk for pressure ulcers?
a.Presence of multiple devices and equipment
b.Infusion of vasoactive agents for hypotension
c.Length of time receiving mechanical ventilation
d.Increased incidence of urinary incontinence
3. Which of the following statements correctly describes deep tissue injury?
a.The injury always progresses to a full-thickness pressure ulcer.
b.This classification excludes superficial blood blisters.
c.The injury appears as a bluish or purple discoloration over an area of pressure.
d.The depth of the injury is clearly apparent at the time of identification.
4. The Kennedy terminal ulcer describes which of the following?
a.A nationally recognized ulcer that is unique to the critical care setting
b.A rapidly progressing ulcer seen in terminal patients just before death
c.A chronic ulcer that develops primarily in long-term care facilities
d.A preventable ulcer generally associated with patients in septic shock
5. Which statement is true regarding the 4 most common pressure ulcer risk assessment scales?
a.None of the scales fully reflect the additional risk factors present in ICU patients.
b.All of the scales are recommended by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
c.Only the Waterlow Scale specifically addresses hemodynamic instability.
d.The Braden Scale is most effective for assessing risk in critically ill patients.
6. Which of the following statements does not describe the pathophysiology underlying the development of pressure ulcers?
a.Compression of vessels prevents the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
b.Metabolic wastes accumulate at the tissues, leading to further vasoconstriction.
c.Moisture contributes to maceration, making the skin more vulnerable to pressure.
d.Friction and shear may remove epidermal layers, making the skin vulnerable to injury.
7. Positioning strategies to prevent pressure ulcers include which of the following?
a.Turning patients every 4 hours
b.Maintaining the head of bed at an elevation greater than 30°
c.Elevating patients’ heels off the mattress
d.Avoiding the supine position whenever possible
8. Which of the following should be considered when selecting a mattress to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers?
a.Low-air-loss mattresses are beneficial for patients with excessive moisture.
b.Air fluidized beds are preferred for patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
c.Mattresses with pressure redistribution are considered superior to low-air-losssurfaces.
d.Rotational surfaces eliminate the need for turning.
9. Which of the following indicates an increased nutritional risk for development of pressure ulcers?
a.An admission albumin level of 38 g/L
b.Initiation of enteral nutrition
c.A decreasing trend in prealbumin levels
d.Infusion of vasodilators
10. Which of the following statements is true regarding device-related pressure ulcers?
a.They account for approximately 10% of pressure ulcers.
b.They only occur when the manufacturer’s directions are not followed.
c.They occur more frequently with endotracheal tubes than other devices.
d.They have been well-defined in a number of research studies.
11. Which of the following interventions is recommended to reduce pressure ulcers in patients with medical devices?
a.Repositioning of the endotracheal tube every 4 hours
b.Removing cervical collars every shift to perform a thorough skin assessment
c.Supporting ventilator tubing to prevent torque on the tracheostomy tube
d.Applying hydrocolloid dressings on the face to reduce pressure from continuouspositive airway pressure/bilevel positive airway pressure masks
12. Bariatric patients are at higher risk for pressure ulcers because of which of the following?
a.Prolonged need for mechanical ventilation
b.Decreased blood supply to adipose tissue
c.Impaired gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
d.Increased reluctance to perform position changes
13. Which of the following is true regarding unit-based quality improvement projects for pressure ulcer prevention?
a.They have little impact on pressure ulcer outcomes.
b.They focus primarily on teaching staff how to stage ulcers.
c.They are effective in heightening staff awareness of pressure ulcer risk.
d.They help identify staff who are not following hospital policies.
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